Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Spodic Intergrade Shale Upland Hardwood And Conifer Forest
Scenario model
Current ecosystem state
Select a state
Management practices/drivers
Select a transition or restoration pathway
- Transition T1A More details
- Transition T1B More details
- Transition T1C More details
- Transition T1D More details
- Transition T1E More details
- Transition T2A More details
- Transition T3A More details
- Restoration pathway R4A More details
- Restoration pathway R5A More details
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No transition or restoration pathway between the selected states has been described
Target ecosystem state
Select a state
Description
This state represents the current range of variability that dominates the dynamics of this site. The canopy typically has strong dominance by red maple with lower cover of Picea rubens (red spruce), with Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock) next in importance. Shrub cover is often dominated by beech brush; herbs are sparse. The plant community is maintained by an absence of fire and major disturbance. Pre-European settlement disturbance consisted of single tree disturbance associated with wind, snow and or/ice damage.
Submodel
State 2
Logged & Burned State With Beech Seedbank
Logged & Burned State With Beech Seedbank
Description
Logging and/or intense fire eliminate conifers. American beech remnants remain to contribute seed rain and/or seed remains in the soil seedbank.
Submodel
State 3
Logged & Burned State With Cherry Seedbank
Logged & Burned State With Cherry Seedbank
Description
Logging and/or intense fire eliminate conifers. Black cherry remnants remain to contribute seed rain and/or seed remains in soil seedbank.
Submodel
Description
This state occurs after logging, with an absence of fire or with the occurance of very light fire and with a residual spruce seed source. Remaining beech trees contribute seed rain to the site and/or beech seeds remain in the soil seedbank.
Submodel
Description
This state occurs after logging, with an absence of fire or with the occurance of very light fire and with a residual spruce seed source. Remaining black cherry trees contribute seed rain to the site and/or beech seeds remain in the soil seedbank.
Submodel
Mechanism
Logging and intense fire removes trees. Natural hardwood regeneration occurs in the absence of conifer lost to fire.
Mechanism
Logging and intense fire removes trees. Natural hardwood regeneration occurs in the absence of conifer lost to fire.
Mechanism
Transition occurs via logging with the absence of fire or the occurrence of light fire leaving the spruce seed source intact.
Mechanism
Transition occurs via logging with the absence of fire or the occurrence of light fire leaving the spruce seed source intact.
Mechanism
Transition occurs via logging, intense fire and commercial tree planting. Some sites reflect planting of abandoned marginal farmland.
Transition T2A
Mechanism
Natural conifer understory recruitment and or under-planting conifer
Transition T3A
Mechanism
Natural conifer understory recruitment and or under-planting conifer
Mechanism
Thin hardwoods (cutting, ringing and/or herbicide application) to release spruce
Relevant conservation practices
| Practice | External resources |
|---|---|
|
Forest Stand Improvement |
Model keys
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Ecological sites
Major Land Resource Areas
The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
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