Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Ecological site R226XY057AK
Forb Tundra (Lowland) (AK653 St Paul Island)
Accessed: 10/07/2026
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Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.
Table 1. Dominant plant species
Tree Not specified
Shrub Not specified
Herbaceous Not specified
Physiographic features
This site is very similar to Forb Tundra (Coastal). In most instances, the site occupies inland areas subjected to less coastal influence than Forb Tundra (Coastal). The site is prevalent on lower slopes adjacent to sandy benches and plains.
Table 2. Representative physiographic features
Landforms (1) Plain
Elevation 40 – 120 ft Slope 1 – 8 % Climatic features
Table 3 Representative climatic features
Frost-free period (average) 120 days Freeze-free period (average) 100 days Precipitation total (average) 20 in BarLineFigure 1. Monthly precipitation range
BarLineFigure 2. Monthly average minimum and maximum temperature
">Influencing water features
Soil features
Soils are moderately deep to deep and moderately well to well drained. Textures are fine to medium and soil pH is strongly acid to slightly acid. Runoff is low and permeability is moderately slow to rapid.
Table 4. Representative soil features
Surface texture (1) Stony silt loam
Family particle size (1) Loamy
Drainage class Moderately well drained to well drained Permeability class Moderately slow to rapid Soil depth 20 – 60 in Surface fragment cover <=3" Not specified Surface fragment cover >3" Not specified Available water capacity
(0-40in)15.2 – 15.4 in Calcium carbonate equivalent
(0-40in)Not specified Electrical conductivity
(0-40in)Not specified Sodium adsorption ratio
(0-40in)Not specified Soil reaction (1:1 water)
(0-40in)5.1 – 6.5 Subsurface fragment volume <=3"
(Depth not specified)Not specified Subsurface fragment volume >3"
(Depth not specified)Not specified Ecological dynamics
State and transition model
More interactive model formats are also available. View Interactive Models
Click on state and transition labels to scroll to the respective textEcosystem states
State 1 submodel, plant communities
State 1
Angelica lucida/Lupinus nootkatensisCommunity 1.1
Angelica lucida/Lupinus nootkatensisForbs make up 60% and grasses 40% of the composition. Total annual vascular herbage production is 2600 pounds/acre.
Figure 3. Annual production by plant type (representative values) or group (midpoint values)
Additional community tables
Table 5. Community 1.1 plant community composition
Group Common name Symbol Scientific name Annual production () Foliar cover (%) Grass/Grasslike1 450–550 American dunegrass LEMOM2 Leymus mollis ssp. mollis 90–95 – wideleaf polargrass ARLA2 Arctagrostis latifolia 55–65 – alpine timothy PHAL2 Phleum alpinum 35–40 – shortstalk sedge CAPO Carex podocarpa 15–20 – Forb1 2050–2150 seacoast angelica ANLU Angelica lucida 775–790 – Nootka lupine LUNO Lupinus nootkatensis 525–535 – boreal yarrow ACMIB Achillea millefolium var. borealis 240–250 – field horsetail EQAR Equisetum arvense 115–125 – Pacific hemlockparsley COGM Conioselinum gmelinii 105–115 – larkspurleaf monkshood ACDE2 Aconitum delphiniifolium 30–40 – Bering chickweed CEBE2 Cerastium beeringianum 20–30 – whorled lousewort PEVE Pedicularis verticillata 15–25 – Aleutian violet VILA6 Viola langsdorffii 15–20 – captiate valerian VACA3 Valeriana capitata 5–10 – draba DRABA Draba 5–10 – Tilesius' wormwood ARTI Artemisia tilesii 5–10 – cuckoo flower CAPR3 Cardamine pratensis 0–5 – willowherb EPILO Epilobium 0–5 – northern starwort STCA Stellaria calycantha 0–5 – Interpretations
Animal community
Grasses such as wide leaf polargrass, alpine timothy and bluegrass provide high value reindeer forage from spring to fall. These same grasses decline in forage value during the winter at which time their forage value is moderate. Lyme grass is seldom selected by reindeer during spring and summer and is of no value during the winter. The large variety of forbs provides provides excellent spring and summer forage.
Supporting information
Contributors
Swanson
Rangeland health reference sheet
Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site.
Author(s)/participant(s) Contact for lead author Date Approved by Approval date Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on Annual Production Indicators
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Number and extent of rills:
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Presence of water flow patterns:
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Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes:
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Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground):
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Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies:
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Extent of wind scoured, blowouts and/or depositional areas:
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Amount of litter movement (describe size and distance expected to travel):
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Soil surface (top few mm) resistance to erosion (stability values are averages - most sites will show a range of values):
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Soil surface structure and SOM content (include type of structure and A-horizon color and thickness):
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Effect of community phase composition (relative proportion of different functional groups) and spatial distribution on infiltration and runoff:
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Presence and thickness of compaction layer (usually none; describe soil profile features which may be mistaken for compaction on this site):
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Functional/Structural Groups (list in order of descending dominance by above-ground annual-production or live foliar cover using symbols: >>, >, = to indicate much greater than, greater than, and equal to):
Dominant:
Sub-dominant:
Other:
Additional:
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Amount of plant mortality and decadence (include which functional groups are expected to show mortality or decadence):
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Average percent litter cover (%) and depth ( in):
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Expected annual annual-production (this is TOTAL above-ground annual-production, not just forage annual-production):
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Potential invasive (including noxious) species (native and non-native). List species which BOTH characterize degraded states and have the potential to become a dominant or co-dominant species on the ecological site if their future establishment and growth is not actively controlled by management interventions. Species that become dominant for only one to several years (e.g., short-term response to drought or wildfire) are not invasive plants. Note that unlike other indicators, we are describing what is NOT expected in the reference state for the ecological site:
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Perennial plant reproductive capability:
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