The Reference State describes areas with no human disturbance and generally experiences a normal, self-replacing fire regime. This open forest or woodland is dominated by spruce and paper birch. The hardwood cover is thought to mature and begin to decline after 130 to 400 years of age, hypothetically allowing spruce to become dominant and close the canopy. However, there are no known documented community shifts of this nature.
The natural disturbances include wind, avalanche, landslides, and infrequent fire. Grazing will also have an impact on the Reference communities of this State. However, no documentation is collected for these communities at this time.
1.1. Paper birch-White spruce/Alder-Devils Club/Horsetail/Bluejoint grass
1.2. Paper birch/Alder/Horsetail-Oak fern/Bluejoint grass
1.3. Paper birch-Aspen/Oak fern
1.4. Paper birch-White spruce-Cottonwood/Horsetail
Model keys
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The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.