Well Drained Till Uplands

Description

As a result of a long history of human activity, the plant associations listed below, may in reality, reflect the current naturalized, minimally-managed state rather than the historic, pre-European settlement condition. Notice transition pathways are not always designated between some of the communities in the reference state because the differences in vegetation are more controlled by landscape position, rather than disturbances or management, or that the relationships are not understood. In addition, undisclosed successional plant community-types following disturbance may be included as community phases.)

The reference plant asociations can be varied. The reference plant community includes:
• Quercus (alba, rubra, velutina) - Carya spp. / Viburnum acerifolium Forest (CEGL006336)
Translated Name: Oaks (White Oak, Northern Red Oak, Black Oak) / Hickory species / Mapleleaf Viburnum Forest
Common Name: Dry-mesic Oak - Hickory / Viburnum Forest (CEGL006336)

Others plant communities can include:

• Quercus rubra - Carya (glabra, ovata) / Ostrya virginiana / Carex lucorum Forest (CEGL006301)
Translated Name: Northern Red Oak - (Pignut Hickory, Shagbark Hickory) / Hophornbeam / Blue Ridge Sedge Forest
Common Name: Oak - Hickory / Hophornbeam / Sedge Forest

• Quercus (velutina, alba) / Vaccinium pallidum / Pteridium aquilinum Allegheny Plateau-Northeast Forest (CEGL006018)
Translated Name: (Black Oak, White Oak) / Blue Ridge Blueberry / Western Brackenfern Allegheny Plateau-Northeast Forest
Common Name: Allegheny Plateau-Northeast Oak Forest

• Quercus rubra - Acer saccharum / Viburnum acerifolium - Lindera benzoin Forest (CEGL006635)
Translated Name: Northern Red Oak - Sugar Maple / Mapleleaf Viburnum - Northern Spicebush Forest
Common Name: Red Oak - Transitional Northern Hardwood Forest

• Quercus rubra - Liriodendron tulipifera - Betula lenta Forest (CEGL008573)
Translated Name: Northern Red Oak - Tuliptree - Sweet Birch Forest
Common Name: Lower New England Oak - TulipTree Forest

• Tsuga canadensis - Acer saccharum - Fagus grandifolia / Dryopteris intermedia Forest (CEGL006639)
Translated Name: Eastern Hemlock - Sugar Maple - American Beech / Intermediate Woodfern Forest
Common Name: Hemlock - Transitional Northern Hardwood Forest


(Source: NaturesServe 2022)

Submodel

Description

The Semi-natural State would expect plant communities where ecological processes are primarily operating with some land conditioning in the past or present, e.g., managed forests, or plant communities that are an artifact of land management e.g., predominately invasive plants.

Submodel

Description

The Cultural State is a completely converted or transformed state, heavily or completely conditioned by land management, e.g., cultivated lands, pasture/haylands, vineyards, and plantations, etc.

Submodel