Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Major Land Resource Area 098X
Major Land Resource Area
Accessed: 04/29/2026
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Next, learn more about the selected ecological site and its characteristic dynamics by browsing the ecological site description and exploring alternative state and transition model formats.
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Ecological sites
Major Land Resource Areas
Ecological site photos
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interactive key
precipitation
frost free days
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Precipitation
Frost free days
Elevation
Slope
Landform
Parent material origin
Parent material kind
Soil texture
Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
Floodplain.
Non-Floodplain.
Hydric Soil (poorly or very poorly drained).
F098XA004MI – Wet Floodplains
F098XA004MI – Wet Floodplains
Non-Hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to well drained).
F098XA003MI – Moist Floodplains
F098XA003MI – Moist Floodplains
Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
Bedrock within 150 cm of surface, and no seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained).
Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
Bedrock Sandstone, substrate generally acidic.
F098XA023MI – Sandstone Drift Plains
F098XA023MI – Sandstone Drift Plains
Bedrock Limestone or Dolostone, substrate generally calcareous.
F098XA024MI – Limestone Drift Plains
F098XA024MI – Limestone Drift Plains
Sandy Site: ≥ 80% sand in the top 150 cm and ≥ 70% sand in the top 50 cm; or ≥ 80% sand in top 50 cm; or < 20% clay in top 150 cm, pH < 6, and ultic subgroup.
Loamy Site: < 80% sand in the top 150 cm or < 70% sand in the top 50 cm; and not in ultic subgroup unless pH ≥6 or clay ≥20%.
No seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained or drier).
Seasonal water table present < 100 cm (moderately well drained or wetter).
Slope ≥ 15%.
F098XA021MI – Sandy Slopes
F098XA021MI – Sandy Slopes
Slope < 15%.
North of the Grand River, cooler/shorter growing season, white pine common.
F098XA013MI – Piney Dry Sandy Drift Plains
F098XA013MI – Piney Dry Sandy Drift Plains
South of the Grand River, warmer/longer growing season, white pine uncommon.
F098XA014MI – Dry Sandy Drift Plains
F098XA014MI – Dry Sandy Drift Plains
Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
F098XA019MI – Moist Sandy Drift Plains
F098XA019MI – Moist Sandy Drift Plains
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
F098XA017MI – Moist Acidic Drift Flats
F098XA017MI – Moist Acidic Drift Flats
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
F098XA020MI – Wet Sandy Drift Depressions
F098XA020MI – Wet Sandy Drift Depressions
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
F098XA018MI – Wet Acidic Drift Depressions
F098XA018MI – Wet Acidic Drift Depressions
No seasonal water table (well drained or drier).
Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
Slope ≥ 15%.
F098XA022MI – Loamy Slopes
F098XA022MI – Loamy Slopes
Slope < 15%.
Mollisol (dark A horizon ≥ 18 cm thick and ≥ 50% base saturation), historically prairie.
R098XA016MI – Prairie Loamy Drift Plains
R098XA016MI – Prairie Loamy Drift Plains
Not Mollisols (A horizon < 18 cm thick or < 50% base saturation, Alfisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, etc.), historically forest or savanna.
North of the Grand River, cooler/shorter growing season, white pine common.
F098XA008MI – Piney Dry Loamy Till Knolls
F098XA008MI – Piney Dry Loamy Till Knolls
South of the Grand River, warmer/longer growing season, white pine uncommon.
F098XA015MI – Dry Loamy Drift Plains
F098XA015MI – Dry Loamy Drift Plains
Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
F098XA011MI – Moist Loamy Drift Plains
F098XA011MI – Moist Loamy Drift Plains
Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
F098XA012MI – Wet Loamy Depressions
F098XA012MI – Wet Loamy Depressions
Salty sites, mean electrical conductivity of the upper 50 cm of soil ≥ 4 mmhos/cm (wet muck); halophytes frequent.
R098XA002MI – Inland Salt Marshes
R098XA002MI – Inland Salt Marshes
Non-salty sites, electrical conductivity of the upper 50 cm of soil < 4 mmhos/cm.
Mean pH of the top 50 cm ≥ 5.0, or euic reaction class.
F098XA006MI – Mucky Depressions
F098XA006MI – Mucky Depressions
Mean pH of the top 50 cm < 5.0, or dysic reaction class.
F098XA007MI – Acidic Peaty Depressions
F098XA007MI – Acidic Peaty Depressions
Floodplain.
Non-Floodplain.
Hydric Soil (poorly or very poorly drained).
F098XB026IN – Kankakee Wet Floodplains
F098XB026IN – Kankakee Wet Floodplains
Non-Hydric Soil (somewhat poorly drained or drier).
F098XB025IN – Kankakee Moist Floodplains
F098XB025IN – Kankakee Moist Floodplains
Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
Bedrock within 150 cm of surface, and no seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained). --- see MLRA 110.
Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
No seasonal water table (well drained or drier).
F098XB030IN – Kankakee Sand Dunes
F098XB030IN – Kankakee Sand Dunes
Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
R098XB033IN – Kankakee Moist Drift Flats
R098XB033IN – Kankakee Moist Drift Flats
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
F098XB031IN – Kankakee Acidic Interdunes
F098XB031IN – Kankakee Acidic Interdunes
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
R098XB034IN – Kankakee Wet Drift Flats
R098XB034IN – Kankakee Wet Drift Flats
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
F098XB032IN – Kankakee Wet Acidic Interdunes
F098XB032IN – Kankakee Wet Acidic Interdunes
Mean pH of the top 50 cm ≥ 5.0, or euic reaction class.
R098XB028IN – Kankakee Mucky Depressions
R098XB028IN – Kankakee Mucky Depressions
Mean pH of the top 50 cm < 5.0, or dysic reaction class. --- F098XA007MI – Acidic Peaty Depressions
Long term average mean annual precipitation
- No filter
- 80 – 100cm (31 – 39in)
- 100 – 120cm (39 – 47in)
—
cm
Long term average frost free days
- No filter
- 110 – 130days
- 130 – 150days
- 150 – 170days
—
days
- No filter
- 0 – 200m (0 – 700ft)
- 200 – 400m (700 – 1300ft)
—
m
- No filter
- 0 – 3%
- 3 – 5%
- 5 – 10%
- 10 – 15%
- 15 – 20%
- 20 – 25%
- 25 – 30%
- 30 – 35%
- 35 – 40%
- 40 – 45%
- 45 – 50%
- 50 – 60%
- 60 – 70%
- 70 – 80%
- 80 – 90%
- 90 – 100%
—
%
- No filter
- Channel
- Cliff
- Depression
- Dune
- Flat
- Flood plain
- Interdune
- Kame
- Knoll
- Lake plain
- Outwash plain
- Pitted outwash plain
- Ravine
- Strath terrace
- Till plain
- Valley floor
- No filter
- Limestone and dolomite
- Sandstone and siltstone
- No filter
- Alluvium
- Colluvium
- Coprogenic material
- Drift
- Eolian deposits
- Eolian sands
- Glaciofluvial deposits
- Lacustrine deposits
- Marl
- Organic, unspecified
- Residuum
- Till, unspecified
Soil surface texture
- No filter
- Loam
- Sand
- Silt
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Ecological site keys
Key to Ecological Sites of MLRA 98
1a.
Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
2a.
Floodplain.
2b.
Non-Floodplain.
4a.
Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
5a.
Bedrock within 150 cm of surface, and no seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained).
6b.
Bedrock Limestone or Dolostone, substrate generally calcareous.
... F098XA024MI – Limestone Drift Plains
5b.
Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
7a.
Sandy Site: ≥ 80% sand in the top 150 cm and ≥ 70% sand in the top 50 cm; or ≥ 80% sand in top 50 cm; or < 20% clay in top 150 cm, pH < 6, and ultic subgroup.
8a.
No seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained or drier).
9b.
Slope < 15%.
10a.
North of the Grand River, cooler/shorter growing season, white pine common.
... F098XA013MI – Piney Dry Sandy Drift Plains
10b.
South of the Grand River, warmer/longer growing season, white pine uncommon.
... F098XA014MI – Dry Sandy Drift Plains
8b.
Seasonal water table present < 100 cm (moderately well drained or wetter).
11a.
Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
12a.
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
... F098XA019MI – Moist Sandy Drift Plains
12b.
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
... F098XA017MI – Moist Acidic Drift Flats
11b.
Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
13a.
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
... F098XA020MI – Wet Sandy Drift Depressions
13b.
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
... F098XA018MI – Wet Acidic Drift Depressions
7b.
Loamy Site: < 80% sand in the top 150 cm or < 70% sand in the top 50 cm; and not in ultic subgroup unless pH ≥6 or clay ≥20%.
14a.
No seasonal water table (well drained or drier).
15b.
Slope < 15%.
16a.
Mollisol (dark A horizon ≥ 18 cm thick and ≥ 50% base saturation), historically prairie.
... R098XA016MI – Prairie Loamy Drift Plains
16a.
Not Mollisols (A horizon < 18 cm thick or < 50% base saturation, Alfisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, etc.), historically forest or savanna.
17a.
North of the Grand River, cooler/shorter growing season, white pine common.
... F098XA008MI – Piney Dry Loamy Till Knolls
17b.
South of the Grand River, warmer/longer growing season, white pine uncommon.
... F098XA015MI – Dry Loamy Drift Plains
14b.
Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
18a.
Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
... F098XA011MI – Moist Loamy Drift Plains
4b.
Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
19a.
Salty sites, mean electrical conductivity of the upper 50 cm of soil ≥ 4 mmhos/cm (wet muck); halophytes frequent.
... R098XA002MI – Inland Salt Marshes
19b.
Non-salty sites, electrical conductivity of the upper 50 cm of soil < 4 mmhos/cm.
20b.
Mean pH of the top 50 cm < 5.0, or dysic reaction class.
... F098XA007MI – Acidic Peaty Depressions
1b.
Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
21a.
Floodplain.
22b.
Non-Hydric Soil (somewhat poorly drained or drier).
... F098XB025IN – Kankakee Moist Floodplains
21b.
Non-Floodplain.
23a.
Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
24a.
Bedrock within 150 cm of surface, and no seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained). --- see MLRA 110.
24b.
Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
25b.
Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
26a.
Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
27a.
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
... R098XB033IN – Kankakee Moist Drift Flats
27b.
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
... F098XB031IN – Kankakee Acidic Interdunes
26b.
Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
28a.
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
... R098XB034IN – Kankakee Wet Drift Flats
28b.
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
... F098XB032IN – Kankakee Wet Acidic Interdunes
23b.
Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
29a.
Mean pH of the top 50 cm ≥ 5.0, or euic reaction class.
... R098XB028IN – Kankakee Mucky Depressions
29b.
Mean pH of the top 50 cm < 5.0, or dysic reaction class. --- F098XA007MI – Acidic Peaty Depressions
The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
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