This state represents the natural range of variability that historically dominated the dynamics of this ecological site. This state includes the biotic communities that would be expressed on the ecological site if all successional sequences were completed without modern disturbances under the present environmental conditions; natural disturbances are inherent in its development. This state is dominated by Utah juniper and two-needle pinyon with a diverse understory of shrubs, perennial grasses and forbs. The primary disturbance mechanisms for this site in the reference condition include drought and insects.
Reference State: Two-needle pinyon and Utah juniper woodland
Indicators: A community dominated by Utah juniper with abundant two-needle pinyon; where shrubs, and native perennial grasses and forb production is variable.
Feedbacks: Disturbances that may allow for the establishment of invasive species.
At-risk Community Phase: this community is at risk when native plants are stressed and nutrients become available for invasive plants to establish.
Submodel
1.1. Reference State
Model keys
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The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.