Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Ecological site R030XB225AZ
Loamy Wash
6-9" p.z.
Gypsic
Last updated: 10/21/2024
Accessed: 08/17/2026
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Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.
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Figure 1. Mapped extent
Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated.
MLRA notes
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 030X–Mojave Basin and Range
This unit occurs within the Basin and Range Province and is characterized by broad basins, valleys, and old lakebeds. Widely spaced mountains trending north to south occur throughout the area. Isolated, short mountain ranges are separated by an aggraded desert plain. The mountains are fault blocks that have been tilted up. Long alluvial fans coalesce with dry lakebeds between some of the ranges.
LRU notes
AZ LRU 30-2 – Middle Mohave Desert
Elevations range from 1500 to 3200 feet and precipitation averages 6 to 9 inches per year. Vegetation includes creosotebush, white bursage, yucca, prickly pear and cholla species, Mormon tea, flattop buckwheat, ratany, winterfat, bush muhly, threeawns, and big galleta. The soil temperature regime is thermic and the soil moisture regime is typic aridic.Ecological site concept
This ecological site is located in bottom position. Soils are deep loams, effervescent with visible gypsum crystals throughout.
Associated sites
R030XB208AZ Gypsum Hills 6-9" p.z.
R030XB214AZ Limy Upland 6-9" p.z.
R030XB224AZ Gypsum Fan 6-9" p.z.
Table 1. Dominant plant species
Tree Not specified
Shrub (1) Larrea tridentata
(2) Lycium andersoniiHerbaceous (1) Pleuraphis rigida
(2) Sporobolus cryptandrusPhysiographic features
This ecological site is found in a bottom position on alluvial fans and fan terraces. It collects run-in moisture from adjacent ecological sites. The ephemeral flows across this site are rare and brief.
Table 2. Representative physiographic features
Landforms (1) Alluvial fan
(2) Fan
(3) Terrace
Flooding duration Extremely brief (0.1 to 4 hours) to very brief (4 to 48 hours) Flooding frequency Rare to occasional Ponding duration Very brief (4 to 48 hours) Ponding frequency None to rare Elevation 1600 – 3200 ft Slope 1 – 5 % Aspect Aspect is not a significant factor Climatic features
The climate is arid and warm. Annual precipitation ranges from 6 to 9 inches. About 65 percent of the rainfall comes from October through May as gentle rain from Pacific storms which may last for a couple of days. The rest of the rainfall comes during the summer monsoon season from July through September as spotty, brief, intense thunderstorms. Snow rarely falls, and only remains on the ground a few hours at most. Annual air temperature ranges from 59 to 70 degrees F. The average frost-free period ranges from 156 to 259 days.
Table 3 Representative climatic features
Frost-free period (average) 260 days Freeze-free period (average) 290 days Precipitation total (average) 10 in BarLineFigure 2. Monthly precipitation range
BarLineFigure 3. Monthly average minimum and maximum temperature
">Influencing water features
Soil features
The soil of this ecological site is deep to very deep with parent material of mixed alluvium from gypsiferous sedimentary and ignenous formations. The available water capacity of the soil is medium to high. The soil is naturally susceptable to erosion with an erosion hazard by water of moderate and by wind moderate to high. The soil is non-sodic, non-saline with moderately alkaline pH (7.4 - 8.4). The soil moisture regime is typic aridic and temperature regime is thermic. The soil is calcareous and gypsiferous.
A typical soil profile is:
A--0 to 1 inch; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) very fine sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) moist; weak thin platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots; many fine and very fine vesicular and common very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 2 inches thick)
Bk--1 to 8 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) very fine sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common fine and very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent, common fine rounded calcium carbonate nodules, 16 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent crystalline gypsum; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
Bky1--8 to 15 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fine sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and common fine roots; common fine and very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent, common fine rounded calcium carbonate nodules, 19 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 10 percent crystalline gypsum; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Bky2--15 to 33 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) loam, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent, common fine rounded calcium carbonate nodules, 15 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 15 percent crystalline gypsum; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
Bky3--33 to 42 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common fine and very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent, common fine rounded calcium carbonate nodules, 19 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 15 percent crystalline gypsum; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
Bky4--42 to 51 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent, few fine rounded calcium carbonate, 13 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent crystalline gypsum; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
Bky5--51 to 63 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) very fine sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common fine and very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent, few fine rounded calcium carbonate nodules, 19 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent crystalline gypsum; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
The soil taxanomic classification is Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Calcigypsids.
Soils correlated to this ecological site include map unit 623026, Hobcan soil, Shivwits Area, Arizona, Parts of Mohave County, SSA.Table 4. Representative soil features
Parent material (1) Alluvium – rock gypsum
Surface texture (1) Very fine sandy loam
(2) Fine sandy loam
Family particle size (1) Loamy
Drainage class Well drained Permeability class Moderate Soil depth 60 – 0 in Surface fragment cover <=3" 0 – 5 % Surface fragment cover >3" Not specified Available water capacity
(0-40in)8.42 – 9.5 in Calcium carbonate equivalent
(0-40in)15 – 19 % Electrical conductivity
(0-40in)2 – 4 mmhos/cm Sodium adsorption ratio
(0-40in)Not specified Soil reaction (1:1 water)
(0-40in)7.4 – 8.4 Subsurface fragment volume <=3"
(Depth not specified)0 – 5 % Subsurface fragment volume >3"
(Depth not specified)Not specified Ecological dynamics
Loamy Wash, Gypsic, 6"-9" p.z., is a shrub-grassland. Annual forbs and grasses flourish following rainfall. Natural disturbances are rare. After introduction of non-native annuals (forbs and/or grasses), the shift in total productivity is shift increased seasonal herbaceous production following periods of rain. Dominant shrubs are creosote and white bursage. Assorted half-shrubs are widely scattered.
State and transition model
More interactive model formats are also available. View Interactive Models
Click on state and transition labels to scroll to the respective textEcosystem states
State 1 submodel, plant communities
State 2 submodel, plant communities
State 1
Historic Climax Plant CommunityCommunity 1.1
Historic Climax Plant CommunityThe dominant aspect of this plant community is a desert shrub-grassland mix. The dominant grasses are big galleta and sand dropseed. The dominant shrub is creosotebush.
Figure 4. Annual production by plant type (representative values) or group (midpoint values)
Table 5. Annual production by plant type
Plant type Low
(lb/acre)Representative value
(lb/acre)High
(lb/acre)Shrub/Vine 59 180 331 Grass/Grasslike 37 125 235 Forb 4 20 34 Total 100 325 600 Table 6. Ground cover
Tree foliar cover 0% Shrub/vine/liana foliar cover 0-0% Grass/grasslike foliar cover 0-0% Forb foliar cover 0% Non-vascular plants 0% Biological crusts 0% Litter 0% Surface fragments >0.25" and <=3" 0% Surface fragments >3" 0% Bedrock 0% Water 0% Bare ground 0% Table 7. Canopy structure (% cover)
Height Above Ground (ft) Tree Shrub/Vine Grass/
GrasslikeForb <0.5 – – – – >0.5 <= 1 – – 9-11% – >1 <= 2 – – – – >2 <= 4.5 – 9-11% – – >4.5 <= 13 – – – – >13 <= 40 – – – – >40 <= 80 – – – – >80 <= 120 – – – – >120 – – – – Figure 5. Plant community growth curve (percent production by month). AZ3022 , 30.2 6-9" p.z. upland sites. Growth begins in the late winter, most growth occurs in the spring..
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 2 19 33 18 7 7 11 3 0 0 0 State 2
Historic Native Plant Community plus Introduced AnnualsCommunity 2.1
Non-native AnnualsNon-native annual grasses and forbs like; red brome, cheatgrass, kochia, tumble pigweed, russian thistle, tumble mustard, yellow starthistle, wild oats and filaree, can invade and dominate areas of the site with very low tobosa cover. Perennial forbs like russian knapweed and leafy spurge could invade and, perhaps, dominate this site. These species can, over time, reduce the seed-bank of native annual grasses and forbs.
Transition T1A
State 1 to 2Introduction of non-native annual forb and grass seed.
Additional community tables
Table 8. Community 1.1 plant community composition
Group Common name Symbol Scientific name Annual production () Foliar cover (%) Grass/Grasslike1 81–146 big galleta PLRI3 Pleuraphis rigida 49–81 – sand dropseed SPCR Sporobolus cryptandrus 32–65 – 2 0–3 Grass, perennial 2GP Grass, perennial 0–3 – squirreltail ELELE Elymus elymoides ssp. elymoides 0–3 – 3 3–10 Grass, annual 2GA Grass, annual 3–10 – Forb4 3–6 desert globemallow SPAM2 Sphaeralcea ambigua 3–6 – 5 3–6 Forb, perennial 2FP Forb, perennial 0–6 – desert marigold BAMU Baileya multiradiata 0–6 – desert trumpet ERIN4 Eriogonum inflatum 0–6 – 6 3–10 Forb, annual 2FA Forb, annual 0–5 – buckwheat ERIOG Eriogonum 0–5 – desert Indianwheat PLOV Plantago ovata 0–5 – Shrub/Vine7 98–138 creosote bush LATR2 Larrea tridentata 98–138 – 8 16–32 water jacket LYAN Lycium andersonii 16–32 – 9 10–23 fourwing saltbush ATCA2 Atriplex canescens 10–23 – 10 3–6 winterfat KRLA2 Krascheninnikovia lanata 3–6 – 11 3–6 broom snakeweed GUSA2 Gutierrezia sarothrae 3–6 – 12 3–6 white ratany KRGR Krameria grayi 3–6 – 13 0–16 burrobush AMDU2 Ambrosia dumosa 0–16 – 14 0–10 Shrub, other 2S Shrub, other 0–5 – rayless goldenhead ACSP Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus 0–5 – Nevada jointfir EPNE Ephedra nevadensis 0–5 – burrobrush HYSA Hymenoclea salsola 0–5 – pricklypear OPUNT Opuntia 0–5 – Table 9. Community 2.1 plant community composition
Group Common name Symbol Scientific name Annual production () Foliar cover (%) Interpretations
Supporting information
Contributors
Larry D. Ellicott
Stephen CassadyApproval
Kendra Moseley, 10/21/2024
Rangeland health reference sheet
Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site.
Author(s)/participant(s) Contact for lead author Date 08/17/2026 Approved by Approval date Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on Annual Production Indicators
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Number and extent of rills:
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Presence of water flow patterns:
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Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes:
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Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground):
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Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies:
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Extent of wind scoured, blowouts and/or depositional areas:
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Amount of litter movement (describe size and distance expected to travel):
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Soil surface (top few mm) resistance to erosion (stability values are averages - most sites will show a range of values):
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Soil surface structure and SOM content (include type of structure and A-horizon color and thickness):
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Effect of community phase composition (relative proportion of different functional groups) and spatial distribution on infiltration and runoff:
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Presence and thickness of compaction layer (usually none; describe soil profile features which may be mistaken for compaction on this site):
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Functional/Structural Groups (list in order of descending dominance by above-ground annual-production or live foliar cover using symbols: >>, >, = to indicate much greater than, greater than, and equal to):
Dominant:
Sub-dominant:
Other:
Additional:
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Amount of plant mortality and decadence (include which functional groups are expected to show mortality or decadence):
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Average percent litter cover (%) and depth ( in):
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Expected annual annual-production (this is TOTAL above-ground annual-production, not just forage annual-production):
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Potential invasive (including noxious) species (native and non-native). List species which BOTH characterize degraded states and have the potential to become a dominant or co-dominant species on the ecological site if their future establishment and growth is not actively controlled by management interventions. Species that become dominant for only one to several years (e.g., short-term response to drought or wildfire) are not invasive plants. Note that unlike other indicators, we are describing what is NOT expected in the reference state for the ecological site:
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Perennial plant reproductive capability:
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