Frigid Moist Xeric Ashy Slopes (Grand fir Warm Moist Shrub/Herb)

Description

The state is dominated with productive stands of Douglas-fir and grand fir. Ponderosa pine attains its highest productivity on these grand fir/vine maple sites, but cannot dominate the late seral stages and occurs as large scattered individuals. Western larch and western white pine also can occur as scattered individuals. Grand fir is the dominant understory tree in the second level canopy and regeneration. An occasional western redcedar and western hemlock can be found in the regeneration, but grand fir dominates. The moister western prince’s pine and queencup beadlily sites may have a few Engelmann spruce in the stand. Vine maple is the dominant understory shrub in all of the Plant Community Phases 1.1 to 1.4 and can sprout quickly after fire or release strongly after canopy gaps in mature stands. Shelterwood systems work best to keep some shade on ground to reduce vine maple dominance and allow tree regeneration to occur, otherwise vine maple shrub fields can occur impeding natural regeneration. Fire regimes would be in the stand replacing or mix severity realm occurring 50 to 150 year range.
Major insects that can cause mortality are the fir engraver and Douglas-fir beetle. Overstocked late seral stands with increased grand fir developing from prolonged fire intervals enhance beetle attacks. Dwarf mistletoe is a major concern in western larch causing major growth loss and mortality. White blister rust in white pine has reduced its prevalence in mature stands.
Other diseases include Annosum, laminated, and Armillaria root rots. Armillaria can be present in close to 80 percent of the sites with grand fir. Indian paint fungus can be found on sites with increased grand fir stocking. These root rot diseases are enhanced through soil compaction and root damage though selective logging and road building. The root rot diseases are less of a concern in productive grand fir sites and worse in drier sites.

Dominant plant species

1. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), tree

2. grand fir (Abies grandis), tree

3. ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), tree

4. western larch (Larix occidentalis), tree

5. lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), tree

6. bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum), tree

7. vine maple (Acer circinatum), shrub

8. beaked hazelnut (Corylus cornuta), shrub

9. Douglas maple (Acer glabrum var. douglasii), shrub

10. Oregon boxleaf (Paxistima myrsinites), shrub

11. common snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), shrub

12. white spirea (Spiraea betulifolia), shrub

13. rose (Rosa), shrub

14. Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), shrub

15. oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor), shrub

16. Cascade barberry (Mahonia nervosa), shrub

17. hollyleaved barberry (Mahonia aquifolium), shrub

18. Sitka mountain ash (Sorbus sitchensis var. sitchensis), shrub

19. pipsissewa (Chimaphila umbellata), shrub

20. little prince's pine (Chimaphila menziesii), shrub

21. bitter cherry (Prunus emarginata), shrub

22. thinleaf huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum), shrub

23. thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus), shrub

24. pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens), grass

25. western rattlesnake plantain (Goodyera oblongifolia), grass

26. bride's bonnet (Clintonia uniflora), grass

27. American trailplant (Adenocaulon bicolor), grass

28. sweetroot (Osmorhiza), grass

29. western brackenfern (Pteridium aquilinum), grass

30. British Columbia wildginger (Asarum caudatum), grass

Submodel

Description

Vine maple brush fields after severe disturbance to site impede natural regeneration

Submodel