State 1
Reference

Community 1.1
Mature Western Redcedar Forest

This phase has an overstory dominated Western hemlock, with Western cedar and Douglas fir, with a lower tree canopy of these species and seral trees including Douglas fir; an understory of tall shrubs, and cool, moist adapted herbaceous species. The overstory has large trees (average diameter at breast height is 20 to 30 inches) and older (average age is at least 150 to 200 years). The understory includes thick tall and medium statured shrubs and herbaceous species include: vine maple, bigleaf maple, red alder, beaked hazelnut, salal, western swordfern, hairy brackenfern, California blackberry, red huckleberry.

Community 1.2
Pioneering Herbaceous

Immediately post-fire, on-site and windblown tree seeds establish such as western hemlock, western redcedar and Douglas fir, Grand fir and bigleaf maple, shrub and herbaceous plants resprout and pioneering herbaceous plants including fireweed and western brackenfern establish on mineral soil interspaces. This is a short duration community phase that usually lasts only a few years. After this period there is a perennial shrub community. This plant community contains a high diversity of shrubs including vine maple, salal, Cascade barberry, red huckleberry, California blackberry. Over the next twenty years, seedlings mature to saplings.

Community 1.3
Mid-Development Open Canopy

This phase is dominated by a mix of Douglas fir, western hemlock and western redcedar and some deciduous trees including bigleaf maple and red alder that are pole sized (average diameter at breast height is less than 20 inches) are middle aged (ages vary from 20 to 100 years) and are in an open canopy due to windthrow, insects, root rot pockets and disease. The understory can have shrub species in various densities depending on amount of canopy closure. Shrub species that may occur include: vine maple, salal, Cascade barberry, california blackberry, red huckleberry.

Community 1.4
Late-Development Open Canopy

This phase is dominated by a mix of Douglas fir, western hemlock and western redcedar and some deciduous trees including bigleaf maple and red alder that are pole sized (average diameter at breast height is more than 20 inches) are mature (ages vary from 100 to 150 years) and are in an open canopy due to windthrow, insects, root rot pockets and disease. The understory can have shrub species in various densities depending on amount of canopy closure. Shrub species that may occur include: vine maple, salal, Cascade barberry, california blackberry, red huckleberry.


1.4 Late -development Open Stand. TSHE, THPL, PSME, ACMA3, ALRU2. Open due windthrow and root rot. ACCI, GASH, MANE2, RUUR, VAPA. Age:100-150 yrs.

Community 1.5
Mid-Development Closed Canopy

This phase is dominated by a mix of Douglas fir, western hemlock and western redcedar and some deciduous trees including bigleaf maple and red alder that are pole sized (average diameter at breast height is less than 20 inches) are middle aged (ages vary from 20 to 100 years) and are in a closed canopy due lack of windthrow, insects, root rot pockets and disease. The understory can have shrub species in various densities depending on amount of canopy closure. Shrub species that may occur include: vine maple, salal, Cascade barberry, california blackberry, red huckleberry.

Pathway 1.1A
Community 1.1 to 1.2

Rare, stand-replacement fire that kills significant number of mature trees and top-kills shrubs and herbaceous plants. This disturbance causes a return to the pioneering, herbaceous community with resprouting shrubs.

Pathway 1.2A
Community 1.2 to 1.3

With time, the tree seedlings and small saplings go to the mid development community and due to the occurrence of mixed severity fire the canopy is in an open configuration.

Pathway 1.2B
Community 1.2 to 1.5

With time, the tree seedlings and small saplings go to the mid development community grow into the closed canopy configuration.

Pathway 1.3B
Community 1.3 to 1.2

Rare, stand-replacement fire that kills significant number of mature trees and top-kills shrubs and herbaceous plants. This disturbance causes a return to the pioneering, herbaceous community with resprouting shrubs.

Pathway 1.3A
Community 1.3 to 1.4

With time, the pole sized trees develop to large mature trees in the late development phase.

Pathway 1.4A
Community 1.4 to 1.1

With time, the large mature trees develop into the closed configuration of the reference phase without the occurrence of mixed severity fire.

Pathway 1.4B
Community 1.4 to 1.2

Rare, stand-replacement fire that kills significant number of mature trees and top-kills shrubs and herbaceous plants. This disturbance causes a return to the pioneering, herbaceous community with resprouting shrubs.

Pathway 1.5A
Community 1.5 to 1.1

With time, the large mature trees develop into the closed configuration of the reference phase without the occurrence of mixed severity fire.

Pathway 1.5B
Community 1.5 to 1.2

Rare, stand-replacement fire that kills significant number of mature trees and top-kills shrubs and herbaceous plants. This disturbance causes a return to the pioneering, herbaceous community with resprouting shrubs.